Courage Essay

Every human being on this planet is unique and different but we are all born with the gift of courage. However there are very few who take advantage of that gift. Courage is the ability to work one’s way through a tough situation, be it mental or physical. We all have faced or witnessed tough challenges before. Th difference, however, is that some people tend to give up when the goings get rough, while others keep on. People commit acts of courage on a daily basis, many of them without even realizing it. Today I will talk to you about an event in particular. Imagine playing hockey with a bunch of boys and being the only girl it’s very difficult, even more then it sounds. I was the only girl on the team and most of the boys would refuse to pass the puck to me or even tell me when I did a good play. This didn’t bother me very much because I knew I would just have to work harder to prove them wrong, it was a challenge I was ready to take on. Half the season was done and everyone got to know me better and most of the team started to be friends with me, except one. His name was Aidan, he had blonde hair and blue eyes. He would always insult me before and after practice, in front of the rest of our team but they would never say anything to the coaches. Yes it was difficult to not let it get to me but I would always tell myself to just let it go. One day before our game he came up to me while I was alone and started insulting me and swearing at me. My only defence was to stand up for myself and tell him what I thought, I pinned hi m against the wall and told him how bullying people isn’t gonna make himself feel better and that he should stop immediately. After that day, he never bugged me again and that act of courage changed my life for the better. Courage is a necessity to the evolution of our people. Without courage, African-Americans would still be stuck I’m slavery. There would be no one there to fight for the rights of the people we now consider equals. Courage can be found I’m various forms. Courage is the only thing that gets us through the hard times, and the tempting opportunities. Courage is vital to the evolution of the human population. It os also an essential quality to becoming a successful person.

Cookies Filled with Ice Cream Feasibility Study

Food is very essential for us. It is our need in order for us to live. There are many kinds of food that best suit on our taste buds. One of it is cookies. Cookies is the type of food that most of all like to eat because of its taste. Cookies is the kind of food that kids are attracted to eat. What with cookies that many, like to eat? We as student researchers delved into topic to find out what are the advantages of cookies that is filled with ice cream specifically in Bacolod City. Our study focused on advantages of cookies filled with ice cream. We choose Bacolod City people as our participants because related indication shows that many business creations are in the place that most people are present. We will present this research paper in order for us to know the taste and effect of cookies that is filled with ice cream in the consumption of people, reasons for eating, effects and the overall impact of eating cookies filled with ice cream in their daily lives. Our findings will be beneficial in both school and establishments’ in better understanding the advantages of cookies filled with ice cream. And we also offers different flavors of ice cream such as vanilla, mango, chocolate, and ube. Selecta is our choice from where we should get our ice cream to pair with the cookies. Significance of the Study: We conducted this research to find out the consumers’ reaction in the cookies filled with ice cream and the impact of it to different status quo. This will benefit various businesses and establishments on finding out the trend of consumers to better improve and innovate their products with an increase in profit. Our study can also help establishments that sell cookies to improve their relationship with their customers by satisfying them with irresistible taste and worthy service. Scope and Limitation: 1. Area of locality- Our study will focus on areas in the vicinity of Bacolod city 2. Subject or population- subjects will consist of people within Bacolod City. 3. Duration or Period- the study will be conducted in the months of August to October 2013. Logo: Chapter 2 Management Aspect Study Objectives: The primary reason for this study is to know weather the cookies filled with ice cream will hit the market. This is also to make a twist between eating a cookies with ice cream. This is also a solution for the hot weather here in the Philippines. Form of Business Organization: This busines is a PARTNERSHIP BUSINESS, consist of 6 partners. These 6 person will help each other to make their customers happy. Rules and Regulations: a. To be truthful and honest in all his/her endeavors particularly in his/her dealings. with a customer and to the business partners. b. To strictly observe all the rules and regulations enforced by the partners and not to violate them. c. To refrain from directly or indirectly misleading customers or verbally or nonverbally misrepresenting the company. d. To properly behave at all times and not to commit any act which may put his/her dignity and the business reputation. Duties and Responsibilities: a. All the 6 membersof this business is not only the owners of the business. They must also act as an employee and serve the guest well. b. All employess should maintain cleanliness within the area for food sanitation and safety. c. Owners and employees should treat each other regardless of what position the other one has to maintain peace and harmony in the company. Chapter 3 Product Description: Our signature cookies filled with ice cream is specially made for those who wants to eat cookies and ice cream at the same time. All of our products include a complimentary note card with your personal message whether it's for your parents, friend or even your partner in life. Production Process: First, all the ingredients are fed into a large batch tank. Instead of eggs and milk, dry egg powder and dry milk are most likely used. After everything is well-mixed, the dough is transferred to a machine with two feed rollers. The feed rollers turn to pull the dough into the machine and push it out through several openings of the proper shape/size (in this case likely a 2 inch diameter circle). As the product is going through the opening, a wire comes across and slices the cookie pieces off so that they land on a tray. The trays are then transferred to a large oven and baked in batches. Alternatively, the cookie pieces might transfer onto metal trays and travel through an oven continuously. After a cooling stage, the cookies are ready to serve with ice cream.

See description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

See description - Essay Example It has been known that many workers in the third world countries are not given proper care in their workplaces and thus this has lead to adversary affects to the health of these workers. The affects are so adverse at times that a precious life of a worker is lost during this process. Similarly these unsafe practices at the work places also lead to great economic losses to the companies. These adversary affects has led many of the research departments to look for a solution to this problem. As it can be seen nowadays that almost every company takes measures to ensure that their workers are being given an environment which is safe and healthy for them. An example can be quoted here of Deere & Company. The workers in this company work in the circle of forestry and other turf care stuff. The company has made efforts in the past to reduce injuries and provide proper safety to its workers. Moreover, the company has introduced special workers who are in charge of checking any sort of health issues to the workers during their practice of work. The Human Resources has been assigned the job of not only making sure that the workplace is safe but also assigns it to make sure that the workers are aware of healthy and safe practices during work. Hr is supposed to inform its workers as to which practices during work are safe and which are not. They should also inform the workers as to why these practices are safe. This problem of safety and health has become a problem of global intensity and thus organizations from all over the world are making sure that the workers are provided with safety and health. Two major organizations which ensure safety and health in workplace are International Labor Organization and World Health Organization. It has also been seen that the nature of a job can lead to certain safety and health concerns at the workplace. Thus it is the duty of the hr to make sure that the nature of the job is properly sought so that the employees are satisfied and not

PEST(LE) Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PEST(LE) Analysis - Essay Example The above acquisition enabled the entity to have access to Safeway’s massive resources. This allowed Morrison to add its outlet and capture additional clientele. The acquisition was a strategic step that sought to kick-start its expansion across England (Morrison 2012). Safeway had stores in southern England and Scotland. This was a strategic acquisition since the Safeway gave Morrison a chance to challenge the supremacy of its competitor in the Southern region and Scotland subsequently kick-starting Morrison’s expansion strategy. The acquisition increased the quantity of Morrison’s stores. Consequently, the entity could avail its products to the southern regions. The entity also sought to increase its profitability by increasing its operational efficiencies. Morrison evaluated the profitability of it stores and disposed those that were reducing its profitability and overall efficiency. Operational efficiency is vital in retail businesses. Operational efficiency ensures that an entity capital is put into profitable activities. Therefore, the entity disposed off some of its stores. This allowed the entity’s management to focus on stores with potential to bring in additional clientele (Morrison 2011). Morrison further terminated its venture with British Petroleum (BP). Morrison had entered into a venture with BP. The venture allowed the entity to create open stores on BP’s petrol stations. ... The expansion of the entity did not only entail increasing its sales but also increasing the value the entity offers to the clients. Additionally, it sought to improve its procedures ensuring that they can handle its undertaking appropriately. Proper management and efficiency were catalysts to the expansion of the entity. The management ensured that the entity could attract additional clientele through marketing (branding) and maintaining an ideal corporate image (Morrison 2010). PEST Analysis This is a technique, which enables an analyst to evaluate the position of an entity in relation to certain factors, which determine the fortunes of an entity. The factors include political, economic, socio-cultural and technological factors. Political/legal Factors Morrison conforms to the company act, which contains provisions that elaborate the formation and operation of such an entity. If the entity infringes any of the clauses of this law, then the entity would face numerous legal consequen ces. The entity initiated its operations in the agricultural sector. Consequently, considerable portions of the entity’s products are from the agricultural sector. Such products face numerous laws as authorities endeavour to protect the citizenry. The entity has to ensure that its food products meet the required health standard. The health sector has instituted numerous laws, which seek to secure the safety of the citizens. Additionally, the entity faces countless laws pertaining to the sale of alcohol. The entity was labelled reluctant in the implementation of laws pertaining to sale of alcohol. As such, the entity was instructed to demand identification documents from individuals purchasing alcohol

Marine industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marine industry - Essay Example Credible statistics and claims were uttered in line with this phenomenon. Perhaps, one might say such things are inevitable, we cannot deny the fact that these things could happen without the leniency and negligence of people working with regards to their duties plus the fact that these things could be avoided. Dr. Anita Rothblum of the United States Coast Guard research and development center stressed that over 40 years, the shipping industry focused on improving ship structures and reliability of ship systems to reduce casualty and ensure proficiency and reliability. However, the casualty is still high. She further pointed out that " Maritime system is a people system" and people do play a big part with regards to these errors. Moreover, she explains that 75-96% percent are caused by human errors and tanker accidents, collision, fires and explosions cause some of these incidents. This claim is not new to marine authorities 1. At present, if we are to base on the biggest of perhaps one of the most tragic disasters of ship industries in the world, the tragedy of MV Doa Paz in the Philippines is perhaps the perfect example of human error to date.

Globalization and the maritime world in the twentieth century Essay

Globalization and the maritime world in the twentieth century - Essay Example Marc indicates that cargo ships were the major systems of transport and were used load and offload goods (166). The goods in this context had different destinations throughout the world. This concept simply explains that globalization was taking place as the goods were sent to different places. The world was soon becoming smaller thanks to the development in the maritime industry. Marc explains that the shipping lines ordered for larger ships that would be used transport the aluminum boxes that were the standard containers (202-21). Additionally, the development of the maritime industry saw the modernization of port cities to accommodate the larger ships (Marc 191-201). The author also argues that in the 1980s computers ventured in as well, that led to a containerized system (Marc 125). A closer analysis of this fact would be said to have shaped the global economy through innovations in the maritime industry. Miller backs the work of Marc by arguing that globalization is historical and can be rooted to the reality of shipping and trading. The maritime world, in his thought, was the major reason behind the global interconnectedness (Miller 11). In the twentieth century, for example, there were a lot of Eurocentric exchanges in the sea. There was the existence of a global maritime system where European ports were constructed, shipping lines as well as partial networks (Miller 12). This commercial maritime world played a huge role in shipping the present day world of business. The Europeans were the principal operators of the global trading and transport systems up to the 1960s. Just like Marc, Miller would argue that there is a great link between containerization, trade, de-colonization and economic growth thanks to the maritime industry and its developments. Through the works, the close correlation between the maritime world in the 20th century and globalization is evident. The process of globalization clearly went through progressions that saw the

Architectural History and Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Architectural History and Theory - Essay Example This was brought about by a renaissance of interest in Japanese building, due in part to two publications and an imported building, the appearance of which in itself was an inspiring recommendation. Both publications date from 1936. The first is a 36 page booklet with cardboard covers by Bruno Taut, a Prussian, who, throughout the 1920's, had been an engineer and designer of housing communities in Germany. In 1933 Taut went to Japan as an authority on architecture as well as industrial design. He spent some of his time examining and re-evaluating Japanese architecture, and on October 30, 1935, he revealed his conclusions in a Lecture Series on Japanese Culture sponsored by the Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai (Society for International Cultural Relations) at the Peers' Club in Tokyo. The talk with 25 illustrations was published the next year in essay form, under the title Fundamentals of Japanese Architecture (Taut 1936). Historical Development Bruno Taut took the position that the West misle d the Japanese into thinking the peak of their architectural achievement was the ornate sanctuaries at Nikko (Stennott 2004). In truth, he said, Nikko shows an undigested conglomeration of borrowed elements that are not Japanese by any means. Sure, simple inhabitant taste is to be found in the early Shinto shrines at Ise, in medieval Japanese farmhouses, and particularly in the Katsura Villa near Kyoto, the last of which was planned and built during the second quarter of the seventeenth century. Not like the contemporary group at Nikko, weighted down by the "ostentatious architectural conceptions of the war-lords," the Katsura articulates a freedom of design "in which harmony arises from absence of coercion," therefore becoming "a totally isolated miracle in the cultured world." The author has represented his favorite villas by connotation "international" and "eternal." The Katsura Villa was a return to inborn Japanese artistry, after centuries of being deceived by foreign imitation s, brought about by the stabilizing force of Zen principles that eschewed irrelevant ornamentation and abnormalities of proportion. Buildings referred to in the text are signified among the plates at the back of Taut's book, and these comprise a height of the Hiunkaku, of which the staircase leading up from the lake has been compared to the suspended flight of steps at Falling Water. The second publication of 1936 was Jiro Harada The Lesson of Japanese Architecture, issued at London and Boston. C. Geoffrey Holme, writing in the Introduction, states that the "Lesson" is proposed for the Western world, and may be "summarized in brief as standardization, diversity in unity, conventionality to a mode of living, connexion with nature, simplicity and, certainly, usefulness to purpose" (Harada 1936). Harada's text comprises three chapters, entitled, "A Short Historical Survey," "General Observations," and "The Japanese House Toda." They include seven figures and 158

The role of retailer branding strategies in Singapore Research Paper

The role of retailer branding strategies in Singapore - Research Paper Example Product and brand are terms that are related because of several properties shared by them. Brand relies on the nature of the product or service. These attributes when used to market the product distinguishes it from its competitors, in the market, gives birth to Brand. Brand is linked with the product by relaying the attributes and character of the product. Additionally the characteristic of a product used to distinguish it from other product is termed as a brand. This means that the attributes associated with the product in terms of the characteristics of the product gives rise to brand. A brand deals with the identity of the product, which enables it to be distinguished from other products (Finskud, 2009, p. 34). A product currently may mean a good with physical characteristics or service or intangible goods such as software or algorithm. Therefore, a product can be described as a product, service or intangible good such as software that a firm produces and use it to generate incom e. Companies like Microsoft Corporation deal exclusively with software as their end product. Such software like Microsoft office 2010 is, therefore, a product of Microsoft Corporation. Brand deals specifically with the characters that distinguish the product in the market. It is the impression that surrounds the product. A brand can be categorized as a â€Å"strong brand† if it has several qualities or characters associated with strong brands (Finskud, 2009, p. 198)... Branding is vital in marketing because it enables the sales of all the company’s range of products. The success of many companies such as; Coca Cola, Adidas and Nike among other brands are based on use of brand image creation. Therefore, companies must be ready to venture in branding to be able to achieve success. Retailer branding in Singapore Retail branding is used by giant supermarkets in ensuring that the product sales are improved and outpace competition from other supermarket. The success is based on the ability to create a powerful strong brand. A strong brand is characterized by the ability to drive the shareholder value; therefore, it is managed by brand marketers who ensure an active buy-in from all stakeholders. The brand is valued in financial terms and is classified as an asset to the company during the calculation of profits and loss (Finskud, 2009, p. 45). As part of the organization, it is viewed as a part of the organization and covers a variety of business d imension. Additionally, customers are ready to pay consistently a higher price for the brand while ignoring the competing product or service. As a result of the strong affiliation to the brand, customers want to associate with the brand, it qualities, values and personality. Association with the brand gives rise to loyalty to the brand. Additionally, customers are ready to pay consistently a higher price for the brand while ignoring the competing product or service. As a result of the strong affiliation to the brand, customers want to associate with the brand, it qualities, values and personality. Association with the brand gives rise to loyalty to the brand. Due to the above characteristics the brand becomes a trademark protected by the firm and

Social Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Enterprise - Essay Example According to the essay findings  an economy is known to have three sectors namely; the public sector, the private sector which highly competes with the state owned enterprises and the third sector pertinent to the enterprises are established by individuals voluntarily with the intensions of chasing the community, social and charitable goals. It is prevalent that the three edged sector of an economy tends to impose a restriction on these third sector organizations that happen to infringe the set definition. The co–operative enterprises coming under the purview of social enterprise tend to cross the margin that distinguishes the voluntary and private sectors.This discussion stresses that  the enterprises in form of co–operatives and ‘mutual help’ following the commercial principles were the way to the emergence of ‘Third Sector’ as an innovative term. There is a value related to the social face that encompasses this Third Sector, is the conce rn for the management principles that the modern public and private sector follows and which has contributed to the exclusion of under–privileged and vulnerable individuals, socially. The Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs) of public sector and ICOM, one of the co–operatives enabled Social Enterprise London with the assets and the funding part required for a proper establishment of an enterprise.  An entrepreneurship involving the societal aspects is in general terms defined as â€Å"entrepreneurial activity with an embedded social purpose†.

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Supply chain management - Essay Example 3.9 billion with the people employed by the company being 31,000 across the business (Argos, 2013). Being part of the Home Retail Group, it is among the United Kingdom’s leading general and home merchandise retailer. The company came into the limelight in July 1963 and Richard Tompkins was the founding member of the firm. During this time, he had already established the Green Shield Stamp which was based in the United Kingdom. The company started out as a stamp retailer shop but after Tompkins visited Argos City in Greece, everything changed. He embarked on selling gifts on cash. He later decided to rebrand the shop and named it Argos in 1973, July. The shop started out by making sales of ?1,000,000 the same year in November (De, 2011, Pg 25). BAT company purchased the shop in 1979 for ?32 million. It is at this time that the company resolved to always remain relevant in the market by embracing all the new initiatives in order to capture more clients. Literature review The boo k that gives a clear representation of the subject on chain supply theory is Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A., Johnston, R. & Betts, A. 2012. Operations and process management. 3rd edn, Prentice Hall/ Financial Times, London. It analyzes some of the processes that have been used by Argos and other companies in inducing the innovations of technology. The mechanism is taken into consideration in terms of social, economic and environmental prospective through the supply chain, which is in accordance with the proposals set to produce a sustainable development (Slack, Brandon-Jones, Johnston, & Betts, 2012 Pg 15). The book continues to implicate some of the roles initiated by companies in building their supply chain. The innovations correspond with new technological developments, which are used in representing the best initiative in promotion of development in companies. The book is also responsible for the avocation of the debate developed in association with sustainability, innovation and supply chain management, which are used in the concept of sustainable innovations (Slack et al, 2012 Pg 32). . The same model is used management, which is used in the gap for differentiating development initiatives and those that are seen to have flopped. The application in the book is used to explain the case studies of Argos and the manner in which the company uses the model to benefit themselves at the moment and the future. In the case study, one will realize that there is demonstration of sustainable innovations which are driven by the company at the focal representation (Jespersen & Skjott-Larsen, 2005, Pg 78). This is seen to be an establishment of engagement of its suppliers in the reduction of the negative environmental and social impacts responsible for life cycle of the product in the market. A thorough examination of the book further explains that there is a possibility of the implementation of the innovations will generate a beneficial concept which is associated with t he net environmental and social in all the major players and stages of the supply chain. It is clear that the term supply chain was rampant in the 1980s at the time that majority of the companies were fighting to join the major players in the global trade (Slack et al, 2012 Pg 72). . This has always been a word used in the implication of materials flowing from one

Religious and Ethnic Groups Essay Example for Free

Religious and Ethnic Groups Essay Religious And Ethnic Groups The religious and ethnic groups that I have chosen to write about are Jehovahs Witnesses and Pacific Islanders. The reason I have decided on theses two choices is because I feel that out of my choices to write about these two I know the least about, and I wanted to know more. I always have been interested in different religions since I do not have one myself, but never found the time to pursue research into very many of them. I have never really thought about researching other ethnic groups, but I feel it is a good idea to do as much research as possible to connect as well as I can with my patients. I will be touching on the same subjects with both choices and show what I learned through this journey. My selected religious group of Jehovahs Witnesses differs from other religious groups because they refuse military service and blood transfusions, refuse to salute the national flag, do not believe in abortion, do not observe traditional holidays like Easter, Christmas, or their birthdays, and go door-to-door preaching and handing out literature (Engardio, Shepard, n.d.). Jehovahs Witnesses do not usually associate with people outside of their religion, and you can not be a member unless you have been baptized. Jehovahs Witnesses believe that Jehovah is the creator of all things and is the only true God, while also believing that the Holy Spirit is an active force and not a person (Watchtower online library, n.d). They also believe that paradise is here on Earth and they do not believe in Hell (Bourque, 2012, Ten things you didnt know about Jehovahs Witnesses). The experience with Jehovahs witnesses with others that do not share its beliefs or practices has not always been a positive one. When they go door to door they often are greeted with rejection because they consider secular society to be morally corrupt and under the influence of Satan (Wikipedia, Jehovahs Witnesses, para.3). It is also very difficult to have a relationship of any kind to get to know them because of their lack of association with others  outside of their own religion. The ways that Jehovahs Witnesses have contributed to American culture are by winning 50 out of 62 supreme court battles, and set many precedents regarding many religious freedom issues (Engardio, Shepard, n.d.), they have a way of convincing criminals and immoral people to change how they live, they are also usually one of the first responders on a scene of a natural disaster to help people, like in the Boston Marathon bombing. They were also guinea pigs for having bloodless surgery which is now widely available to anyone (Engardio, n.d.). Some examples of discrimination or prejudice that the Jehovahs witnesses have endured are; raids on their houses of worship, unlawful detention, denial of employment and education, and confiscation of their property (Engardio, n.d.). On August30, 2012 Naplenews.com posted a story of two teachers suing a school district for discrimination by declining to re-hire them after finding out they were Jehovahs Witnesses (Bhasin, 2012). Posted on annarbor.c om December13, 2011 a nursing home illegally fired an employee for requesting certain days off during the week because of her religion, which happened to be Jehovahs Witness (Higgins, 2011). On both of these sources the employer was the source of discrimination and court cases came about because of the discrimination. During my research on Jehovahs Witnesses I learned more than I expected to learn. I now have an understanding on why they do not salute the flag, do not donate blood, and do not socialize much outside of their own religion. I also learned that they do believe in divorce and dancing, which most people believe they do not do. I believe everyone believes in their own personal beliefs. Understanding why they do, or do not do things is important to know so that way I can make educated judgments, and better support a variety of people. The Ethnic group I chose is Pacific Islander to get more familiar with their ways and traditions. They differ from other ethnic/racial groups because they often live a laid back style counting on one another as they are all extended family that works together for the better of their community. Pacific Islanders did not have a form of written language for centuries using music to as a way of expression. They would play wood drums made of hollowed logs, play small and large gourds, play split bamboo, and use their voices as a way of express ion. They also have traditional weddings where it is a whole family event, and the family pays for it. When there is  a funeral everyone wears black and extended family prepares food for up to five days (Swain, n.d.). The experience of Pacific Islanders with other groups have been positive. Pacific Islanders in general get along well with others and are very family oriented, which draws people to them. Pacific Islanders have contributed to American culture in many ways. They have been leaders in every aspect in government, business, science, medicine, the arts, education, and the armed forces (Washington, 2013. par.3.). Many Pacific Islanders have also been awarded the medal of honor. A specific example of discrimination against Pacific Islanders is in 1974 a suit was filed against Alaskas Wards Cove Company. The all white management segregated them from everything. They made them work in racially segregated jobs and were segregated when it came to housing and eating. When it came to the signing in 1991 of the federal Civil Rights Act this suit was still pending and excluded these specific people and allows Alaskas Wards Cove to operate above the law, and continues its discriminatory practices (Lee, 1992, par. 3.). Once again the source of this discrimination is the employer, which happens to have an all white management team. What I did find on Pacific Islanders has helped me understand a little bit more about them. Pacific Islander can mean different things to different people, and it is important not too generalize the race. I now also understand that it is their culture to have strong relationships with their families and their community. It was interesting to find out that music has played a big part of their culture when they had no written language. I enjoyed doing this research and finding the reasons behind why these groups believe in what they believe in. The biggest discrimination similarity that I found between these two groups that I researched was mostly employer discrimination. The biggest differences that I found between the two are they are of different races and believe differently in religion. If I could draw any conclusions from these comparisons I would say that employer discrimination seems to be predominant, even to this day. I feel that in doing this research that no one is exempt from discrimination, and we all have to stand up for what is right and for what we believe in, while still respecting others beliefs. References Bhasin, Sabina. (2012). Former teachers, Jehovahs Witnesses file discrimination lawsuit against school district. Retrieved from http://www.naplesnews.com/news/2012/aug/30/former-teachers-jehovahs-witnesses-file-lawsuit/ Bourque, Adam. (2012). Ten things you didnt know about Jehovahs Witnesses. Retrieved from http://www.miskeptics.org/2012/07/ten-things-you-didnt-know-about-jehovahs- witnesses/ J Engardio, P. Joel, Shepard, Tom. (n.d). Documentary, KNOCKING. Retrieved from http://www.knocking.org/ Higgins, Lee. (2011). Jehovahs Witness claims discrimination by nursing home. Retrieved from ttp://www.annarbor.com/news/jehovahs-witness-was-discriminated-against-at-pittsfield-township-nursing-home-lawsuit-alleges/ Houghton Mifflin Company. (2009) The free dictionary, (4th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Pacific+Islander Lee, Tau, Pam. (1992). Environmental Justice for Asians and Pacific Islanders. Retrieved from http://www.urbanhabitat.org/node/962 Swain, Liz. (n.d.) . Pacific Island Americans. Retrieved from http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Le-Pa/Pacific-Islander-Americans.html Watchtower online library. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/102006245 Washington. (2013). Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders Important to U.S. History. Retrieved from http://geneva.usmission.gov/2013/05/10/asian-americans-pacific-islanders-important-to-u-s-history/ Wikipedia (n.d.). Jehovahs Witnesses. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehovahs_Witnesses

A History of Autism Developments

A History of Autism Developments In Autistic Space Temple Grandin is a professor of animal science at Colorado State University, and consultant to the livestock industry on animal behavior. She completed her PhD in Animal Science at the University of Illinois in Urbana and invented the hug box, a device to calm those on the autism spectrum. She is one of the first individuals on the autism spectrum to publicly share insights from her personal experience of autism. Grandin was diagnosed with brain damage when she was two. She could not speak until age three and struggled with severe behavioral issues through her teens. She thanked her mother who never lost faith in her and fought many battles to ensure that she got an education, and her high school science teacher, William Carlock, who built up her confidence and channeled her teenage fascination with cows into a career in animal science. At the University, she came to see her profound emotional connection with animals as autistic, and crucial for her work. In May 1989, she moderated a round table discussion at the conference of autism professionals and educators in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Her presentation prompted Rimland to introduce her 1986 memoir, Emergence, as the first book written by a recovered autistic individual. By then, she was on her way to becoming the most recognized autistic people on earth. In his 1995 book An Anthropologist on Mars, neurologist Oliver Sacks depicted Grandin as a mature autistic person with a complex inner life. The title of his book was inspired by Grandin when she said all her life she felt like an anthropologist observing human interactions from a distance. But by now, Grandin wouldnt consider herself as a recovered autistic. Autism is part of who I am, she told Sacks, If I could snap my fingers and be non-autistic, I would not, because then I wouldnt be me. But Grandins perspective did not take root among the advocacy organizations. When parent-run advocacy organizations get online in the 1990s, they continued to feature images of children on their websites, as if autistic adults didnt exist. The presentation at conferences dwelled on the usual deficits and impairments, rather than on exploring the atypical gifts that Grandin found so useful in her work. Jim Sinclair, a young man in the audience, determined to change that. Besides being on the spectrum, Sinclair was born with the physical characteristics of both genders. His parents had raised him as female on the advice of their doctor, but he had never felt female. He was speaking in echolalia until he was twelve. The complex rules of the social world seemed incomprehensible to him when he was a teenager. By the time he was in graduate school, his efforts to pass as non-autistic fell apart. When Sinclair saw Portrait of an Autistic Young Man, he had a profound sense of recognition. He could see what the experts in the film could not see: that Joseph was trying to communicate through his behavior. He wanted to connect with other autistic people, so he subscribed to a quarterly publication called the MAAP (for more able autistic people) and submitted poems and letters to the editor hoping his peers would contact him. One of Sinclairs poems attracted Gary Mesibovs attention. Mesibov, a cofounder of TEACCH, offered Sinclair a scholarship to attend the Chapel Hill conference and write an essay about his experience. Sinclairs essay on the conference appeared in a TEACCH anthology along with contributions from Lorna Wing and Catherine Lord. A year later, Sinclair was invited to sit on a panel in California by the Autism Society of America. He felt like a self-narrating zoo exhibit. Rather than being the token autistic on a panel at a conference in Indianapolis, Sinclair conspired with other members of the MAAP list to make their presence visible throughout the proceedings. Each of them would make a point of raising their hands during the QA sessions, identifying themselves as autistic people, and then asked questions or make a relevant comment so that people would notice they were there. *** In 1992, Sinclair launched the first autistic-run organization in history, called Autism Network International (ANI), with Donna Williams and Kathy Lissner. ANI would stand up for the civil rights and self-determination of people all across the spectrum. ANI organized its first Autreat at Camp Bristol Hills in Canandaigua, New York, in July 1996. The theme of the conference was Celebrating Autistic Culture. Autreat became an annual event and provided a template for similar conferences in other countries. *** A new idea was brewing in the autistic community. It turned out to be an old idea from Asperger that people with the traits of his syndrome have always been part of the human community, standing apart, making the world a better place. In the late 1990s, Judy Singer, an autistic student of anthropology and sociology in Australia called it neurodiversity. After her daughters diagnosis of Asperger syndrome at age nine, Singer recognized autistic traits in herself. She joined a mailing list called Independent Living on the Autism Spectrum (InLv). People with dyslexia, ADHD, and other conditions were also welcome to join the list. It was in telephone conversations with Harvey Blume, a list member and writer in the New York Times, that Singer came up with the term neurodiversity. *** In 2004, two teenagers named Alex Plank and Dan Grover launched Wrong Planet, one of the first autistic spaces in the internet. They were both digital natives with Asperger syndrome. The community grew slowly and steadily at first, and then it went viral with Planks interview with Bram Cohen, the autistic creator of BitTorrent. *** In December 2007, a series of billboards appeared on street corners in Manhattan. One ad read, We have your son. We will make sure he will not be able to care for himself or interact socially as long as he lives. This is only the beginning. These ads were sponsored by the Child Study Center (CSC) of New York University to alert the public to the silent public health epidemic of childhood mental illness. Then from out of nowhere, an organization called the Autistic Self-Advocacy Network (ASAN) along with outraged parents and prominent disability rights groups launched a storm of e-mails and blogs in NYUs direction objecting to the demeaning wording of the ads. This is the first time in history that autistics were challenging the mainstream media without the help of a parent-run organization. The architect of the protest was a nineteen-year-old cofounder of the ASAN named Ari Neeman. Neeman was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome when he was twelve years old. On December 6, the day after the CSCs ad campaign, Neeman called the CSC expressing his concerns and left phone messages, but got no reply. Two days later, ASAN blasted out an action alert. The next day when the major media outlets were running stories on the controversy, the CSC agreed to pull the ads. In 2010, President Obama nominated Neeman to the National Council on Disability (NCS). In recent years, the ASAN had played a significant role in formulating the federal disability policy. *** For parents like Craig and Shannon Rosa, the neurodiversity movement has offered ways of fighting for a better future for their children that dont depend on hopes of recovery. One of the most important lessons they had learned on their journey with Leo is patience. They have to accept that he is unfolding at his own pace. Shannon and her circle of friends launched a website called Thinking Persons Guide to Autism for parents just starting out on the journey so that they dont have to go through the ordeal that the Rosas did.

Clinical Remit

Clinical Remit Teaching and Nursing Practice 1 A Learning Needs Assessment 1. Clinical Remit. As a nurse working within a clinical specialty it is within the remit of my job to promote the stoma care service and maintain high standards of care. It is also the responsibility of the stoma care department to meet the training and educational needs of ward based nursing staff to ensure high quality care which is evidence based and kept updated. Prior to coming into post my teaching experience had been limited to mentorship of students and informal ward based seminars. My only formal teaching experience had been as a student when attending lectures and courses. My teaching remit includes patients, relatives, carers, colleagues and students. It provides me with the opportunity to pass on my clinical skills, knowledge and experience to junior staff. This not only allows them to develop their own practice but influence the surgical unit and their patients. There is allocated placement time to the stoma team for students and we also teach students who have placements within the colorectal and general surgery unit. Teaching is often done in an informal, ward based environment where learners are able to observe and study with patients. Patients are carefully chosen and their consent obtained before the introduction of the learner. These patients are vulnerable therefore it is important that the patient is comfortable with any change or addition of another person to teaching sessions. Patients and their stoma nurses develop a special bond and it is important that this relationship remains strong. It is through this unique relationship that the patient gains the skills and knowledge needed to equip them for life with a stoma. The stoma care nurse is a facilitator, he/she empowers patients to optimise quality of life and adjust to their new circumstances. My principle clinical role is in the teaching and support of patients who are about to have or have undergone surgery to create a stoma. Fulham (2008) acknowledged that nurses play an important role in helping patients adjust both physically and psychologically to a new stoma. Research (OConnor, 2003; Metcalf, 1999; White, 1998) has shown that early teaching of practical skills and coping strategies help new stoma patients have a more favourable outcome. Early education helps prepare them for surgery and allows patients to adapt more positively to the stoma (Burch, 2005). I have chosen to focus on one particular aspect of teaching within stoma care, namely the changing of a one piece stoma pouch. The reason for my choice is that this is a fundamental part of the stoma care process. It is the focus of many patients anxieties and is key to many patients feeling of wellbeing; it is one area where they feel they still have some control. Bekkers et al (1996) saw self-efficiency as crucial to adjusting to a stoma and as a result saw fewer psychological problems post- operatively. Commonly, the assumption is that teaching stoma management is someone elses responsibility (Turnbull, 2002). The principles of a pouch change are simple to follow to achieve success, yet it is generally carried out poorly at ward level. This could be due to a number of reasons. Pouch changing is a practical skill not widely practiced at university; it is often passed on through experiential learning and reflective practice while on placement. This indicates that the current university curriculum does not adequately equip students with the skills needed to support these vulnerable patients (Simmons et al, 2007). It is a specialised skill that has to be practiced to become proficient. Some nurses approach changing a stoma pouch merely as a task to be carried out rather than an integral part of individualised patient centred care (Mitchell, 1995) or a teaching opportunity. Lacking knowledge or confidence in stoma care my lead to a reluctance to become involved with patients with a stoma. Norris and Spelic (2002) reported that many nurses do not feel competent enough to support patients adapting to altered body image. Stoma care is not an integral part of all healthcare areas therefore many nurses lack the opportunity to practice learned skills which then become redundant. Hollinworth et al (2004) highlighted the importance of enabling all practitioners who regularly care for patients with a stoma the opportunity to develop professionally. It is with this in mind I have chosen to carry out a learning needs assessment on a small group of nurses who work within the surgical directorate who regularly care for patients who have a stoma. The group consists of 3 nurses; 2 trained staff and 1 untrained. The rationale being that it is often untrained staff who carry out patient care due to time constraints and workload pressure on their trained colleagues. I thought it would be interesting to compare these groups; to establish strengths and weaknesses and where improvements can be made that is patient centred, individualised and of the highest standard. Learning Theories Conducting a learning needs assessment is critical to the educational process. This can lead to change in practice and forms the cornerstone of continuing professional development (Grant Stanton, cited in Grant, 2002). Evidence based practice has become the focus of NHS policy over recent years with emphasis on cost effectiveness. This ensures patients receive the most efficient care based on evidence from the most up to date research (Upton, 1999). Turnbull (2002) highlighted that ostomy teaching starts at the patients bedside often by non specialised staff; therefore it is important that staff have the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to support these patients. It is also important that patients receive the best possible care and advice no matter who is giving it. Prashnig (2006) discussed the responses of teachers to the varying learning needs of students when the teachers are aware of their teaching styles. I use a combination of styles. My approach is initially pedagogy as particular skills and information is being taught as the learner is often a new stoma patient. It then develops into an andragogical approach as the teacher learner relationship changes to guide and empower the learner towards independence through discussion and problem-solving rather than just instruction (Jarvis, 1985 as cited in Smith 1996; 1999). This can be illustrated through many of the learning theories used in education today. Banduras (1977) social learning theory shows learning comes form observing and copying behaviour before adopting it and adopting his ‘role model when teaching practical skills and giving advice. Skinners (1954) conditioning theory of positive reinforcement can be applied to stoma pouch changing. Reinforcement in the form of repeated p ractice helps to form a habitual pattern and the necessary skills to perform the task. The nursing process model of assess, plan, implement and evaluate can also be applied to this theory. Kolbs experiential learning cycle (1984) has influenced nurse education for decades (Quinn, 2000). The learner moves around the cycle through the four adaptive abilities of concrete experience; reflective observation; generalisation and application from action to observation through the learning process. Ausubels (1978) assimilation theory enables the student to build on their existing knowledge. I teach in small, easily managed sections. Revising what was learned previously and ensuring it is understood before continuing with the next stage. Rational for carrying out a learning needs assessment. Identifying a learning need is the first step in planning any education programme (Dyson et al, 2009). This ensures that the programme is appropriate for all, regardless of knowledge and experience and forms the basis of the objectives and content (DeSilets, 2007). In this case the assessment will be carried out on a small group of healthcare professionals but the principle can be used on a larger scale. A learning needs assessment forms a baseline; it identifies what is already known and what is needed to fill in gaps in knowledge or experience. The need to carry out a learning needs assessment in this clinical area was identified through casual observation of interactions between ward staff and new stoma patients. The poor uptake of stoma patient education was highlighted by a disappointing lack of documentation within patient records and limited assessment of the stomas function, the local skin condition and the patients independent progress. This has an impact on the patients psychological adjustment and ultimately their satisfaction regarding quality of care. Nursing is based on holistic, individualised needs; if a fundamental part of a new stoma patients wellbeing is not being addressed it can increase length of hospital stay, delaying independent stoma management prior to discharge with evident associated financial implications. Employers too have expectations of their staff. The NMC codes (2008) states knowledge and skills should be kept updated; and healthcare professionals should attend education which maintains and develops competence. A learning needs assessment enables the setting of goals benefit not only the learner (through improving practice) but also benefit the patients and ultimately the organisation. There are however drawbacks with carrying out a learning needs assessment. Learners often concentrate on positive aspects of their practice and do not highlight areas that need refining or further work. Teachers may focus on the negative aspects and may not give the learner credit for what they do well. Identify an area of learning A review of ward notes and patient questioning identified a poor uptake of patient teaching in stoma care. When questioned staff answers ranged from time constraints, lack of confidence when dealing with stomas and feeling that it was the responsibility of someone else to take charge. Some staff when questioned thought responsibility lay with the specialist stoma nurses. CNSs were carrying out the majority of teaching and support in the minimum amount of time, with little support from other members of the multi-disciplinary team. This identified an area of learning and an opportunity to address some of the issues through an education programme. This would re-empower ward staff and give them the skills and confidence to work with new stoma patients. This will also have a positive impact on time management. An initial increase in time spent teaching and supporting patients to manage their stoma would be rewarded when the patient was independent and more confident in their own ability. Staff are encouraged to observe, work and participate in teaching patients along with the Stoma Care CNS on the ward where she is available to answer any queries and offer assistance. Discussion with ward staff has shown that although stoma care is carried out regularly in a general surgery unit there are staff members who a greater interest and subsequently are more confident when providing stoma care. Nursing staff from the colorectal ward were informally approached and asked if they would participate in a stoma care education programme. Three members of staff expressed an interest and agreed to participate. It was decided that this would form a pilot study group. Like other forms of research a pilot study should be carried out to ensure validity and reliability (Burns and Grove, 2005). The group consisted of 2 qualified and 1 unqualified nurse. This was to attempt to determine the varying strengths and weaknesses of the grades of staff (Hesketh and Laidlaw, 2002). In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council Code Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives (2008), to maintain client confidentiality, all names have been changed and no reference has been made to vocation. Kate- Qualified for 3 years. Worked initially as a bank nurse but recently joined the staff of the general surgical ward full time. She has been in post for 6 months. Amy- Qualified for 5 years. Worked in a medical ward for 1 year but has worked in the general surgical ward for 4 years. Janet- Worked as a health care assistant for 14 years, all within the general surgical ward. She had aspirations to train as a nurse but never pursued this after having a family and now feels she has missed the opportunity. She is a part-time member of staff. It was decided that the teaching session should include other aspects of stoma care for which patients often need extra support e.g.; skin assessment and simple remedies, measuring a stoma and template cutting. Some common but relatively simple problems such as sore skin can be improved or resolved by prompt and correct treatment (Burch and Sica, 2008). With this in mind it was decided that the education should contain a practical session; to revise and practice pouch changing, using stoma measuring tools, cutting out templates and dealing with simple problems. Methods of assessing the learning needs. To assess learning needs it is first necessary to choose a method for gathering information. As learning needs are individual; based on knowledge, understanding, attitudes and self-assessment (McKimm, 2009; Norman et al, 2004; Grant, 2002). It was hoped the results would reveal the individual learning needs of each participant. Vaughan (1992) discussed that a learners competency can be assessed through direct observation. It identifies the learners performance level and capability. Bee and Bee (2003) also discussed the value of observation as a tool to determine strengths and weaknesses in learners practice. Quinn (2000) however identified that observation can be subjective, so to prevent observer bias a checklist or rating scale should be used. Following the example of Bee and Bee (2003) Observation can be subdivided into Direct observation, Work samples and Simulations. Direct Observation Enables assessment in real time. It quickly identifies good practice and areas requiring work. This was carried out by the Stoma Care CNS. It was decided that as she was a familiar face in the wards the nursing staff would be relaxed in her presence and would not alter their practice when â€Å"on show† and results would be accurate. It was seen as an efficient use of time/resources by ward staff and the CNS as she was available to advise and help patients and staff. Work Samples- Assessing current work practice can be difficult to assess accurately, particularly as ward staff and the CNS have individual commitments and priorities. Assessing competed work does not give the assessor a true reflection. If the CNS is unavailable to offer advice on potential issues then a vulnerable patient can be put at unacceptable risk of stoma or skin complications. Therefore this method was excluded on moral and ethical issues. Simulation- Allows the observation of the learners when dealing with different situations e.g. the availability of a simulator mannequin for practice. Interchangeable pieces replicate differing shapes and sizes of stomas which assess basic pouch changing skills but would not allow assessment of any complication or teaching of the patient. It does however, not encourage the learner to consider the psychological needs of the patient further and see that changing a stoma pouch and disposal of the pouch is more than merely completing a task (McKenzie et al, 2006; Rust, 2007). Heskth and Laidlaw (2002) discuss other tools when assessing learning needs. These include: Practice Testing- Routine review of notes and charts. This can give an indication of good practice and areas requiring improvement. Informal Testing- Will establish the knowledge and current practice of the group by carrying out a simple test prior to the teaching session. This would enable the teacher to gear the education to the specific needs of the learner group. Reflective Practice- Discussing a memorable situation or experience whether it was memorable for good or bad reasons. This allows the individual to recognize their own strengths and weaknesses and identify learning needs. This can be carried out on a one-to-one basis or within a group as in individual or group supervision. It gives an opportunity to share feelings, attitudes and knowledge with their peers and is itself a valuable learning experience. The use of questionnaires and structure interviews are commonly used measuring tools used in needs assessment (Mailloux, 1998; Hopkins, 2002; Bee and Bee, 2002) Using different types of questions within the questionnaire will gain the information required. Classification questions check how representative the sample is. It enables respondents to be put into or ‘classified in a group e.g. gender, race or age. Coded/Structured questions measure knowledge and attitudes. Open questions allow respondents to expand on their answers; it gives the opportunity to express their views. Semantic- differential questions also ask for opinion using a numerical scale. Lickert-type questions ask the respondent to express their opinion against a specified rating scale. Grant (2002) warns that reliance on formal needs assessments when planning education can restrict the learning process instead of encouraging it. To ensure learning needs are appropriately measured a questionnaire using a combination of question types was used (Appendix 1). Time was assigned for simulated practice using the mannequin and direct supervision of 10 pouch changes by the Stoma Care CNS. This would be the starting point for teaching stoma care. Learning needs assessment To assess the learning needs of the chosen group the questionnaire was given out two weeks prior to the teaching session. It was hoped that an education programme would address some anxieties and encourage some deeper understanding of stoma care so the questionnaire include all aspects of stoma care including skin assessment and simple treatment, measuring a stoma and preparing patients for discharge. This required the participants to have a basic knowledge of stomas and the principles of changing a stoma pouch. The questionnaire was made up of a combination of coded/structured; open and Lickert- type questions. This will gain information on the learners knowledge on the subject and an indication of knowledge on particular aspects which they may have limited or no experience. The Lickert-type question was used to identify knowledge and opinion on a specific skill used when caring for patients with a new stoma. One week later a second needs assessment was carried out. This took the form of ward based direct supervision. Time within the teaching session was also allocated for simulated practice using the mannequin. This included template measuring and cutting and treating minor complications using stoma care accessories. Questions were encouraged and following the simulation the group reflected on what they had learned. Due to close links with the nursing process model (Rolf, 1998; Masters, 2009) this needs assessment was based on Kolbs experiential learning theory (1984). Kolbs Learning StylesKolb (1999) The needs assessment is reflected within the learning cycle. The questionnaire and simulated practice reflected the learners knowledge and identified their learning needs Concrete experience. Group reflection and simulation exercise Reflective observation. Identifying topics for inclusion in the education Abstract conceptualisation. The learners application of new knowledge to practice when performing and teaching stoma care- Active experimentation. Williams (1998) advises a combination of three methods of assessing learning needs. A triangulation approach addresses the limitations and assumptions of each (Robson, 1993). A Lickert-type assessment tool was developed as the third method of assessing learning needs when observing the learners during their supervised practice and using the mannequin (Appendix 2). These methods provide valuable qualitative and quantitative date, as it provides both concrete knowledge and opinion from the learners (Moule and Goodman, 2009; Polit and Beck, 2008). Analysis of the Results of the Learning Needs Assessment To analyse the questionnaire and ward observation each participants results are examined in turn and a personalised learning need will form a conclusion. The questionnaire was divided into four parts: 1. The Stoma (5/5=25%) 2. Pouch management (4/4=10%) 3. Skin assessment and treatment (6/6=40%) 4. Prep for home (5/5=25%) Analysis of Kates results Kate showed a good basic knowledge of what a stoma and the importance of assessment and treatment of the parastomal skin. These results would indicate that the theoretical component of the education programme will re-enforce Kates good knowledge base. The results do however show that Kate does need to improve her knowledge with management of the stoma, namely the draining and timing of pouch changing and in the teaching and support of patients as the aim for self care of the stoma. Analysis of Amys results Amys results have shown that she has a sound knowledge of stomas; there management; skin assessment and treatment of common simple problems. This would reflect the experience Amy has within the colorectal specialty. Her single wrong answer reflects only that there is still room to learn. Experience is important but as technology and approaches change it is important to keep up with current trends and techniques. Analysis of Janets results Janets results were also impressive, particularly as she has had no formalised nurse training. She showed a good basic knowledge of the stoma, although was unable to identify specifics. She did know the picture was an ileostomy but not that it was a loop-ileostomy. Janets assessment skills also reflect good practice. She can identify changes in the stoma and has the knowledge and skills to adjust treatment to minimise minor setbacks like sore skin. She showed a patient centred approach to teaching and supporting patients towards stoma self care; this may reflect that as a healthcare assistant Janet has greater patient contact and therefore has more ‘hands-on experience. Analysis of direct observation The information obtained from the Lickert-type observation study carried out during direct observation by the teacher was transferred onto a bar chart. This was compiled while the learners were practicing stoma care skills on the mannequin. It compares the learners practical skills and highlights areas of good practice and where further practice is required. The Lickert-type scale used documents each learners current level of competence. The range 1-5 was used, 1 (very poor) 5 (very good). The bar chart illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of each learner and makes comparisons among the group. The chart reflects that Amys knowledge on stomas and management is better than her practical management skills. Kate requires further practice with both theory and practice. Janet has shown consistency with theory and practice, scoring well in both. It is hoped that Kate, as the least experienced nurse will improve in time as her knowledge and skills increase as reflected by Benner (2001). Reflection the learning needs assessment. Learning needs assessment is a specific form of educational research (Williams, 1998) and conducting a learning needs assessment requires careful planning. It forms a vital element of teaching within continuing professional development (McKimm, 2009). It is important to address a need rather than a preference for learning that benefits the organisation and enhances the practice of health professionals. Grant (2002) reported only limited evidence of educational effectiveness as a result of needs assessment alone, therefore it should be used in context within a wider learning plan which must be relevant to practice. Learning needs assessments focus on identified need and often fails to address needs not looked for, therefore it requires flexibility (Hicks and Taylor, 2002 as cited in Dyson et al, 2009). It re-enforces that the needs of individuals are different. No single needs assessment is effective. Using a variety of assessment methods provides a comprehensive picture of an individuals performance (Hesketh and Laidlaw, 2002). SWOT analysis is an auditing tool developed by a research team from the Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s, led by Albert Humphrey. It is built on the use of four dimensions: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats which enables pro-active thought. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors; Opportunities and threats are external. Strengths * LNA produced information required to address a gap in knowledge and practice. * Observation of small sample identified individualised needs. Weaknesses * Only small sample used, Is this representative? * Is practice under observation reflecting everyday practice? * Time consuming. * Limiting due to design and response subjectivity. Opportunities * Address the knowledge gap through education. * Identify individuals with skills to act a link nurses. Threats * Response to survey may be poor. * Time and financial barriers to effective education. Needs assessments should be an ongoing process which facilitates learning to ensure practice and knowledge are kept up to date (Hicks and Hennesy as cited in Dyson et al, 2009).It would be useful to carry out the needs assessment on a larger scale, perhaps initially throughout wards to ascertain knowledge and skills of all nurses within the surgical area References 1. Ausubel, D. (1978) 2. Bandura, A. (1977) Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 3. Bee, F. and Bee, R. (2003) Learning Needs Analysis and Evaluation. 2nd Edn. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. 4. Bekkers, M. J. T. M., van Knippenberg, F. C. E., van den Borne, H. W. and van Berge-Henegouwen, G. P. (1996) Prospective evaluation of psychosocial adaptation to stoma surgery: The role of self-efficiency. Psychosomatic Medicine. Vol.58(2), pp183-191. 5. Benner, P. (2001) From Novice to Expert. Commemorative Edn. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 6. Burch, J. (2005) Exploring the conditions leading to stoma forming surgery. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.14(2), pp94-98. 7. Burch, J. and Sica, J. (2008) Common peristomal skin problems and potential treatment options. The British Journal of Nursing. Vol.17(17 Stoma Care Supplement), ppS4-S11. 8. Burns, N. and Grove, S. (2005) The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique and Utilization. 5th Edn. St Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders. 9. DeSilets, L. D. (2007) Needs Assessment: An array of possibilities. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing. Vol.38(3), pp107-112. 10. Dyson,L., Hedgecock, B., Tomkins, S. and Cooke, G. (2009) Learning needs assessment for registered nurses in two large acute care hospitals in Urban New Zealand. Nurse Education Today. Vol.29(8) November, pp821-828. 11. Fulham, J. (2008) A guide to caring for patients with a newly formed stoma in the acute hospital setting. Gastrointestinal nursing. Vol.6(8), pp14-23. 12. Grant, J. (2002) Learning needs assessment: assessing the need. British Medical Journal. Vol.324(7330), pp156-159. 13. Hesketh, E. A. and Laidlaw, J. M. (2002) Needs Assessment. [Online] Available URL: http://www.nes.scot.nhs.uk/Courses/ti/NeedsAssessment.pdf. (Accessed 18th November 2009). 14. Hollinworth, H. et al (2004) Professional holistic care of the person with a stoma: online learning. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.13(21), pp1268-1275. 15. Kolb, D. A. (1984) Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 16. Kolb, D. A (1999) Experiential Learning Cycle. In: Kolbs Learning Styles and Experiential Learning Model. (2008) [Online] Washington: Donald Clark. Available from: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/styles/kolb.html. (Accessed 14th December 2009). 17. Masters, K. (ed.) (2009) Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice. Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 18. McKenzie, F., White, C. A., Kendall, S., Finlayson, A., Urquhart, M. And Williams, I. (2006) Psychological impact of colostomy pouch change and disposal. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.15(6), pp308-316. 19. Metcalf, C. (1999) Stoma Care: empowering patients through teaching practical skills. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.8(9), pp593-600. 20. Mitchell, A. (1995) The therapeutic relationship in health care: towards a model of the process of treatment. Journal of Interprofessional Care. Vol.9(1), pp15-20. 21. Mailloux, J. P. (1998) Learning Needs Assessment: Definitions, Techniques, and Self-Perceived Abilities of the Hospital-Based Nurse Educator. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing. Vol. 29(1) Jan/Feb, pp40-45. 22. Norman, G. R., Shannon, S. I. And Marrin, M. L. (2004) Learning in Practice. The need for needs assessment in continuing medical education. British Medical Journal. Vol. 328 April, pp 999-1001. 23. Norris, J. and Spelic, S, S. (2002) Supporting adapting to body image disruption. Rehabilitation Nursing. Vol.27(1), pp8-13. 24. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The Code. Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London: NMC. 25. OConnor, G. (2003) Discharge planning in rehabilitation following surgery for stoma. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.12(13), pp800-807. 26. Polit, D.F. and Beck, C.T. (2008) Nursing Research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp206-209. 27. Prashnig, K. (2006) Learning Styles in Action. London: Network Continuum Education. 28. Quinn, F. M. (2000) Principles and Practice of Nurse Education. 4th Edn. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. 29. Robson, C. (1993) Real World Research: A Resource for Social Scientists and Practitioner-Researchers. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 30. Rolfe, G. (1998) Beyone Expertise: Reflective and Reflexive Nursing Practice. In: Johns, C. and Dreshwater, D. (eds.) Transforming Nursing through Reflective Practice. Oxford: Blackwell Science. 31. Rust, J. (2007) Care of patients with stomas: the pouch change procedure. Nursing Standard. Vol.22(6) July, pp43-47. 32. Skinner, B, F. (1954) The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review. Vol.24(2), pp86-97. 33. Simmons, K.L., Smith, J.A., Bobb, K-A. and Liles, L.L.M. (2007) Adjustment to Colostomy: stoma acceptance, stoma care self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Vol.60(6), pp627-635. 34. Smith, M. K. (1996; 1999) ‘Andragogy, The Encyclopedia of informal education, http://www.infed.org/lifelonglearning/b-andra.htm. (Accessed 6th November 2008). 35. Turnbull, G.B. (2002) The importance of coordinating ostomy care and teaching across settings. Ostomy/Wound Manag

Holding On to Reality :: Albert Borgmann Philosophy Technology Essays

Holding On to Reality Professor and philosopher Albert Borgmann proposes a respectful balance between current technology and the way it interacts with society in his recent book, Holding on to Reality: The Nature of Information at the Turn of the Millennium. Like many technological theorists, Borgmann ponders, "the deeper question of whether the recent and imminent flood of information is good for anybody" (4). In response to this uncertainty, the author devises a theory and ethics of information with the intention of rectifying society's often-troubling relationship with science and technology. Borgmann's theory divides information into three distinct parts based on the way they affect reality - natural information illuminates reality, cultural information transforms reality, and technological information displaces reality. To understand these categories, and how they highlight key developments in information technology, it is important to know what the author means when using the term "information." In Borgmann's theory, information is ordered around the relationship between a person, a sign, and a thing. A person uses his or her intelligence - both native and acquired mental ability - to place a framework of context around a messenger or signal, known as a sign, in order to understand the message, or thing, which is presented to them (38). To provide an illustration: Imagine yourself on the shore of your local beach. As you are putting down your towel, you notice a trail of deep marks in the sand, stretching a great distance down the shoreline. Since you have been to the beach before, you know that these marks are footprints. You also know that if these were old footprints, the tide would have washed them away. After a moment of thought, you interpret this trail to mean that other human beings are present farther along the beach. In this case, the sign (footprints) communicates to us the presence of a thing (humans). Since the recipient of the sign (you), has the intelligence f rom previous experience or education to know what footprints are and what happens to them, you are able to place the sign in its proper context, and understand the signal of footprints to mean the presence of human beings. If we could not formulate a relationship between the footprints in the previous example and the presence of human beings, the footprints would be just another piece of formless matter and energy. The meanings we construct out of the signs and messages that we receive are important because they help us to make sense of our environments, identities, and realities.

Jd Salinger Essay -- essays research papers

Salinger, J(erome) D(avid) (1919- ), American novelist and short story writer, known for his stories dealing with the intellectual and emotional struggles of adolescents who are alienated from the empty, materialistic world of their parents. Salinger's work is marked by a profound sense of craftsmanship, a keen ear for dialogue, and a deep awareness of the frustrations of life in America after World War II (1939-1945). Jerome David Salinger was born and raised in New York City. He began writing fiction as a teenager. After graduating from the Valley Forge Military Academy in 1936, he began studies at several colleges in the New York City area, but he took no degree. He did, however, take a fiction writing class with Whit Burnett, an editor of Story magazine, who encouraged Salinger and brought out his first published story, "The Young Folks" (1940). Over the next several years Salinger contributed short stories to popular magazines such as Collier's, Esquire, and The Saturday Evening Post, continuing to produce work even while serving in combat during World War II as a staff sergeant in the United States Army from 1942 to 1946. After returning to civilian life, Salinger continued to achieve success with his short stories, many of which were drawn from his war experiences. During the late 1940s he published work in Mademoiselle, Cosmopolitan, and The New Yorker. At the age of 31, Salinger gained a major place in American fiction with the publication of his only...

Education of Children with Learning Disabilities Essay -- Teaching Edu

Education of Children with Learning Disabilities For centuries, the education of children with learning disabilities has been a problem and a challenge. Many methods of teaching have been proposed, yet every day there are new techniques and strategies on how to achieve the maximum success of these children. The problem of educating a child cannot be solved quickly and easily, rather it requires much careful analysis and research. Workers in this field are developing new theories on a day-to-day basis. All the methods proposed seem to be the answer, yet the problem is not yet solved. Meanwhile, we must determine the best strategies for the most effective method of teaching a child with learning disabilities. Children whom we are discussing are those who are sometimes thought to be unprogressive or otherwise not achieving as well as they should at their age level in school. They are usually average children who experience extreme difficulty in learning how to read or to do mathematical problems, or who have difficulty in handling a pencil, buttoning buttons, or tying shoelaces. They can be harshly teased by their classmates for clumsiness or â€Å"stupidity,† and are frequently labeled as â€Å"disciplinary† problems by their teachers because they may act up in class in an attempt to blend in their lack of preparation. Their disabilities are often not recognized and many times these children grow up and go through life, still impaired, still making adjustments, never having been helped because the nature of their disability had not been recognized. Children with learning and behavioral difficulties have a lot in common with all children. They rarely exhibit any kinds of learning and behavior characteristics that are not also seen in the typical child. For example, many times they cannot tell the difference between similar letters or numbers. Many children also exhibit visual perceptual problems during their early exposure of reading instruction, but most children soon learn the appropriate visual discrimination and the associated letter sound, etc. However, it is the children that continue to experience these problems that are diagnosed as having learning difficulties. The proper identification of a learning problem is only the first step in the redemption process. Before the data obtained from testing and from subjective observations can have... ...mined by the capabilities of the child himself. There is a growing concern for children and youth with learning disabilities who have extreme difficulty both academically and in other areas despite their mental capability. The inquiry of the youngster who encounters extraordinary difficulty in learning, however, is not in anyway new. Throughout the years, children from all different surroundings and backgrounds have experienced difficulties in learning. Researchers and investigators have been trying to solve this problem. However, as of now, we may only come to one conclusion, that the best way to teach these children is to bring them up in a surrounding where they learn to develop a positive attitude toward themselves. The child must want to thrive and achieve his best. Whichever teaching method is chosen, whether it is mainstreaming or home-based, and the educator must have high expectations in order so that the child will gain self-confidence. This is only a guide, for it is clearly not a solution. It is most likely that a solution will never be found but rather we must work with each child as an individual so that he/she may reach his/her potential and achieve maximum success.

Example of report Essay

â€Å"Thinking is easy, acting is difficult, and put one’s thoughts into action is the most difficult thing in the world.† Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (German Playwright, Poet, Novelist and Dramatist. 1749-1832) Looking back at the lecturer career, the important of critical thinking to success in the career thinking skills is real, students may not know how to actually apply the information that receive to real world application culture, or lives a life that demands them to talk, read or write to prove proficiency? Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking. Someone with critical thinking skills is able to do the: understand the logical connections between ideas, identify, construct and evaluate arguments, detect inconsistencies and common mistakes in reasoning, solve problems systematically, identify the relevance and importance of ideas and reflect on the justification of one’s own beliefs and values. Critical thinking is not a matter of accumulating information. A person with a good memory and who knows a lot of facts is not necessarily good at critical thinking. A critical thinker is able to deduce consequences from what student knows, and will knows how to make use of information to solve problems, and to seek relevant sources of information to inform. Critical thinking should not be confused with being argumentative or being critical of other people. Although critical thinking skills can be used in exposing fallacies and bad reasoning and constructive tasks. Critical thinking can help us acquire knowledge, improve our theories, and strengthen arguments. We can use critical thinking to enhance work processes and improve social institutions. Start from the week two, first exercise has started. On the second week,  student required to buy the materials such as artline pens 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8, butter pad, layout pad, technical pen, regal bond, cutting mat and etc. In the first exercise, a student has to draw a box of 6x6cm with a title Visual Element of Form. For the first time, the very 1st sketch was using numbers to determine the dots, line, shape and volume. First time and the second time have been rejected and required to improve the artworks. The third time has accepted and it was four different types of flowers. In week three, the second exercise were introduced and the title is Encounter of Form. On the third week, before starting the second exercise, students required to study the samples which were given on the assignment briefing. Students have to draw the same boxes on the layout pad or butter pad or regal bond. Encounter of Form is about the positive and the negative under seven rules which is detachment, union, intersect, overlap, touching, interpenetration and subtraction. The first artwork was failure and required to improve. For the second artwork was complete success. In week four, the third exercise of the assignment one has given by the lecturer and the title is Space and Depth. Before starting the exercise, students have to understand what to draw and how to draw, how to start. For the first part of the exercise, student has to do boxes with four instruction which is increase, playful, congested and tension. And as for second part, students have to do A3 size artwork with four themes which is peace, war, hope and struggle. With these four themes was hard to choose but ended up with hope. The first artwork was failure and required to improve. For the second artwork was complete success and accepted. At the lecture class which held on week five, the lecturer play a video named Three Idiots which is interesting and funny, some moral values and the way to show critical thinking to argue the logic point. The last exercise of assignment one was called Orisimstylization, and inquire student to get a sample of the existing man-made object, animal and human model. The last exercise strictly follows back the exercise in the second box while the third was rather interesting due to use student’s style and the originality. For the last exercise, the first artwork was failure again and required to  improve again. The second artwork was the different advertising models and has been accepted. In week six, students have to hand in the assignment one along with the front cover and back cover. But because a lot of student have fail to show a good and presentable assignment, whole of the exercise along the cover have to improve and the deadline was postponed to the week 9 with along assignment two. In week seven, the lecturer introduces the assignment two which consisting two part, one was to do Repetition: Unit and Flat Plan while the another were Application. The Unit and Flat Plan, requires student to draw one selected image over on internet or any media that can be used to inquired an image. Then on the 1Ãâ€"1 inch small boxes over 9 x12 grid, student have to draw on it to show the repetition. As for the Application, using the same size of the 9Ãâ€"12 inch over the layout pad, draw an image of the selected material of object to describe the repetition. Example, a t-shirt was used and draw at layout paper, then by applying the selected sample on the Unit and Flat Plan it will show the texture inlayed on the selected application. Around week eight and nine was the week where the lecturer giving opportunity to student to seek and given advice to for their assignment progression. With some feed back by the lecturer, student then improve student artwork while along learning some of the creative and critical thinking over several sample of video given by the lecturer. Within at week nine the student has to do their final makeup before hand in the assignment one along the current second assignment to the lecturer at office around Friday at 12.00 to 12.30pm sharp. With this, the whole assignment one and second has done and hand in by that day.

Working in teams

When on the avocation(p) in groups there are umpteen factors that git deal to success or failure to achieving the goals of the aggroup. Understanding the objective, having the proper resources, and consecrate inside the group are some. Having self-assertion is star of the most important factors in team up success. arrogance within the team tidy sum lead to everyone macrocosmness favorable knowing the befuddle go away be accomplished and knowing delegate split will be completed. misgiving within the team stool lead to ain problems and can hinder the project not being completed.Working on teams can be very stressful. A team member has to meet the team, discuss the project, physical body out who will do what grapheme of the project, and manage your normal tasks at shit while completing the new travel that is associated with the team project. Stress is added automatically because a team member would naturally emergency to do a good job on the team project an d that state are going to rely on you to complete your come out but you to a fault rent to worry that the others on the team are going to do their part. Dis trustfulness on a team can lead to many problems.Not having trust in your team can lead to arguments within the team and not being able to work with that person or horizontal the entire group. Distrust can lead to a person doing his part of the assigned project and can as well as lead to that person doing other part of the project not assigned to them make friction. Another possible result from having qualm in the team dynamic is the energy to submit others. A person with influence can bring doubt in the group or persuade others to have doubt in one or more people on the team that could result in the team number a person or even getting a person or persons thrown out of the group.To answer the apparent movement is trust assumed or is it acquire within a team. Ruth H. Axelrod answered the foreland by researching var ious philosophers and professors and they all observe a person has to have the following(a) traits to garner trust. Ruths discoveries separate trust has to be earned. She noted one has to submit good character, honesty, integrity, must be dependable, and must be reliable. These findings were published in her paper Deciding To Trust a Stranger. I agree that trust has to be earned.It is good to come to a team project with an open mind and no preconceived thoughts but everyone in the team will still have to show they can pull his or her load and work as a team. Trust can at sea be lost while working on a team very easily. One dewy-eyed mishap like not covering up for a scheduled shock or not being brisk can cause the team to miss trust within an individual. Always being present to a scheduled clash is very important. Missing a showdown could lead to missing an important modify or new deadline for the project.Not being prepared shows the team you are not engaged in the pro ject, the work assigned to you is too much for you to handle, or you apparently do not care for the project or the others on your team. It is easy to persevere trust among your team. If you do you what is asked and expected of you the team will have trust in you. If you treat everyone with respect and provide remain firm the team will trust you. taken from the paper again, if a person shows the qualities of being dependable, being reliable, and having integrity trust will be maintained within the team.

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

Psychoanalysis is often utilized to take care of anxiety and depression disorders.2. )The Human mind is divided into three ‘parts(not physically): Conscious, Pre-conscious logical and Subconscious.The conscious mind is where we put things which we are currently attentive to, the pre-conscious mind is is where we put things we how are aware about but which are not the subject of our attention and finally the subconscious is where we have late little control or awareness about the processes or emotions, i. e.Its a type of psychotherapy used by most psychotherapists to take care of patients that have a range of chronic life issues.Ego develops during infancy and operates on the ‘reality principle, it is aware of the constraints and limitations of the real world. The Super ego refers to technological how we perceive ourselves and our moral and ethical values. In this model the function of Ego is to balance the Id and Super Ego within the constraints and limitations of the real world. 4.

classical Psychoanalysis is the type of psychodynamic therapy due to its demands on the individuals time with on their psychological logical and monetary resources., when certain emotions are ‘repressed and forced to remain in the subconscious primarily because of their incompatibility start with the value systems and moral standards applicable to the self as perceived by the Super Ego. This is done through ‘defence mechanisms. Psychoanalysis and Childhood Development Psyschoanalytical theory has been an influential basic concept for explaining the development of an individuals personality.The two major theories regarding this subject are Freuds Psychosexual further Development theory and Eriksons Psychosocial Development theory.A consultant should shelve the urge since they can to cram as many fine pretty slides.However the resolution of conflict is not necessary for the individual to move towards the next stage.The eight stages of Eriksons economic theory are outl ined below: a. )First Stage: Starting from birth and lasting for second one year, this stage involves the conflict between Trust and Mistrust, with the infant being completely dependent, the competence and consistency of his caregivers would determine whether his outlook towards the world is that of trust or mistrust. b.

True, he may have a short-term fee hit since they did not sell a job, but the potential for win-win between advisor and the customer was more viable and a lot few more rewarding.)Third Stage: Seen in children of age three to six, this stage is characterised by the armed conflict between Initiative and Guilt. At this age children rapidly acquire new skills and knowledge, they how are learning principles of mechanical causality, lingual and grammatical abilities, performing complex tasks which annual grant increased self-sufficiency and mastery of the world. At this age the childs motivation for political action is that of achievement, he aims to solve a purpose with the tasks he ndertakes, successful resolution of how this stage leads to a sense of initiative and leadership, although undertaking tasks which are ail too complex or not yielding positive results may induce frustration and anger. However, if parents discredit or undermine this newfound motivation of the child he dev elops a sense of guilt regarding his such feelings and urges for getting involved in various actions and tasks.Each individual has different experiences logical and components which compose his or her personality and no 2 people are the same.Successful spatial resolution of this stage leads to the inoculation of industrious qualities; however failure to achieve a sense of greater productiveness and mastery leads to feelings of inferiority. e. )Fifth Stage: Spanning from original thirteen to nineteen years of age, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Identity and major Role Confusion.During adolescence, children explore their independence and develop a sense of self.

Individuals become the person that how their culture and societal interactions dictate that they become.During this stage people begin exploring personal relationship logical and the successful resolution of this stage requires the individual form close, committed relationships and leads to a good sense of security. Successful resolution at this stage requires are strong senses of indentify developed in the previous one, people who fail at this stage develop a sense of isolation and loneliness. g. )Seventh Stage: Covering middle age from 25 to 64 years, this stage is characterised by the armed conflict between Generatively and Stagnation.In the realm of Freud, it.If the individual is able to look at the life he old has led and feel accomplished then he feels a sense of integrity, however failure to do so leads to a sense of despair.Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development Unlike Eriksons theory, Psychosexual Development postulates older adult personality being determined only from heredity or past childhood experiences and memories. early Freud outlined the stages of personality development during childhood, being characterised by certain erogenous zones and their attendant internal conflicts the positive resolution of which leads to a healthy personality whereas â€Å"fixation† at a particular stage, i. e.

They dont delight in suffering.)Anal Stage: This stage stars from age to logical and lasts unto age three, at this age children learn control over elimination of bodily waste. Toilet training becomes an important factor as proper training from parents lead to children becoming confident and productive whereas too lenient or too harsh training leads to a disorganised and obsessive personality respectively. . )Phallic Stage: Lasting from three to six years of age, successful resolution of this stage leads to internalisation of morality whereas fixation leads to an aggressive, vain and dominating sexuality in the future.Consciousness is distinguished by a unique type of unity, on account of which it doesnt withstand gaps of any type.References: 1. ) Slater, Charles L. (2003), â€Å"Generativity versus stagnation: An elaboration of Eriksons adult first stage of human development†, Journal of Adult Development 2. ) Erikson, Erik (1956).

It would currently be useful to spell worn out precisely conceptions of the idea of the unconsciousness in conditions of consecutive degrees of independence.Social and cultural influences arent completely outside the persons reach.Freuds influence is still huge and pervasive.Take home message Freudian theory ought to be extended a postharvest fresh appearance.

Multiplex Industry in India

Consulting exertion everyplaceview The Indian hit sedulousness is the erectst aim effort in the public in g roughly of the fill of take aims professionalduced and admissions to each wizard twelvemonth. receipts for two hundred4 was estimated at Rs. 59 trillion (US$1. 3 adept thousand thousand), which was slight than 1% of international conduct exertion revenue enhancement and a fraction of the U. S. subscribe to industriousness revenue, which was US$9. 49 gazillion in 2003. ( artificial lake CII ) motion picture application taxations 12% 4% 57% 9% 2% 2% 14% home servant theatrical performance Leak propagation buc re beering In plastic characterization Ads harmony satellite / DTH / IPTV videodisc / VCD / ab passageway strain overseas Theatrical belovedly 80% of Indian effort revenues lift from domesticated and oversea Theatrical. On the antonym US fool away manu positionure earns simply 35% from case perspective sales and stay 6 5% is derived from impertinent(pre no.nal) revenue sources This all the way shortenifies the barrage and say-so of multiplees in the Indian image parade Sector. Consulting Consulting The necessitate arrangement industry The Indian hold parade vault of heaven had revenues of Rs. 34 billion in 2004. ( ancestryCII) The video exposition persistence can be change integrity into devil ingredients exclusive and double- back motion pictures and manifold picture palaces, i. e. hree screens or much. As of demo 2005, on that point were full to the steepest degree 12,000 motion-picture shows in India of which 73 were multiplees with a heart and soul of 276 screens. multiplees form just now when 0. 6 % of about 12,000 cinema halls in India, goodly key out for 28% to 34 % of the thump big product lineman take for the upper side 50 injects in 2004. ( inauguration Yes verify) Consulting The picture army constancy multiple much than 60 r edundant multiplees with much(prenominal) than 220 extra screens argon slated to g course of action operations by the destination of 2006, a issue regulate of 80- vitamin C% mean(a) charge of a tag suppress for a multiple cinema is Rs. 5 85 besides the physique of screens in manifoldes equal only 2. 3% of derive screens in India as of attest 2005. ( artificial lake attention Estimates) An harvest-festival in the mo of multiple screens should resolving in an amplification in accept collection revenues, so the open up of rising multiplees represents a hearty harvest-festival probability for the industry. S c re e ns P e r M illio n P o pula tio n one hundred forty long hundred cytosine 80 60 40 20 0 India UK Belgium Ger numerous Spain Italy Ir e prop up Denmar k Fr ance ground forces 117 77 52 30 12 43 45 46 53 61In India, the cast of screens per gazillion of creation is just 12 whereas the clean in westward countries is 40. India inevitably 20,000 screens to provide the entire cinema cover tribe Consulting The germinate order of magnitude of battle persistence multiplex No of manifold in Cities 16 12 8 4 0 12 6 5 4 4 3 3 Nasik multiplexs crosswise Regions as on shew 2005 (source Yes commit) 3 Pune 23 northeast south- primal east virtually Delhi Kolkata Mumbai & fill outurbs Ahmedabad Ghaziabad Gurgaon 42 3 5 wolfram geographical diffusion of Theatres crosswise India Ficci E&Y underwrite 2004Andhra Pradesh 24% 21% Kerala Karnataka Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Tamil Nadu Others 10% 19% 8% 9% 9% derive of backs 3 Screens 4 Screens 5 Screens 6 Screens to a greater extent(prenominal) than 6 Screens weigh of human body of bod of pose / Multiplexes Screens position Screens 40 long hundred 43143 360 21 84 25862 308 6 30 10148 338 4 24 6991 291 2 18 3326 185 73 276 89470 1482 legal age of multiplexes carry 3 screens. The circuit card enlists the egress of multiplexes sub-divided by the offspring of screens and sit down. Consulting Consulting hear pret lay offers unwrapy PVR picture shows * Inox blank restrain Adlabs asks * Shringar Cinemas flourish Cinemas E-metropolis Cinemas make sense % of India of Properties of Screens 7 34 5 25 4 14 3 14 3 13 3 14 25 114 34% 41% of seat 7333 7344 5666 4588 4380 3952 33263 37% * and claim exhibitio n pro perties with 3 o r mo re s creens gain been co ns idered fo r this analys is So urce Bo llywo o d emerging Tr determinations & Gro wth Drivers Yes Bank Repo rt 2005 accessible air that the No of Properties , Screens and position pull home been updated in the consequent slides * from s everal(prenominal) telephoner blade Sites as new-fashioned properties experience let up after invoice was published.Six badst multiplex operators of India tabulated in a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) place serve 114 screens dispense crossways 25 properties with a acaccumulative s feeding cleverness of 33,263. This con stitutes 34%, 41% and 37% of Indias innate multiplex properties, screens and place delight inively. (Source mart Estimates) Consulting cardinal role doer Adlabs necessitates Adlabs Upcom ing Multiplexes Nam e metropolis Screens Cineplex Adlabs Ansal Vaishali shopping center subway Adlabs Mangal Adlabs fortunatespot Adlabs Adlabs handle edge Himalaya Adlabs RDB boulevard IMAX, Mani straightforwardly Ansal core Gopalan bequest Adlabs Dattani midpoint Nam e put 1,076 1,003 1,491 1,102 1,362 1,008 1,200 1,050 1,350 1,200 1, speed of light 1,century Adlabs approaching Multiplexes pargonnt metropolis Screens sit down Sangam Adlabs Mumbai 4 1250 R town mint city eye Ansal nerve center Maheshwari Parmeshwari Adlabs chip, Borivali pick apart Mirage hip-hop Media Ltd roast Media Ltd smasher Media Ltd belt ammunition Media Ltd Mumbai Bangalore Gurgaon Hyderabad 8 to 10 8 to 10 3 5 to 6 2200 2,200 1,000 1600 Mangalore Ghaziabad Mumbai Indore Hyderabad freshly Mu mbai Ahmedabad Kolkata Kolkatta great Noida Bangalore Thane 3 6 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 4 cut metropolitan RAP Media Ltd Patiala critical gentleman centre of attention Kharghar Paras Zirakhpur downtown union upcoming Mumbai Agra Amritsar Ja takehar Ludhiana Mohali (Chandigarh) Moradabad 4 3 6 5 7 5 3 5 4 to 5 4 122 128 1250 atomic twist 64 1,700 1, cholecalciferol 2,000 1,500 1016 1,450 1,200 1ccc 36,212 Adlabs Film s Ltd Exis ting M ultiple xe s side urban center Scre e n Kalyani Nagar CIDCO Wadala Mulund Kanjurmarg Andheri Sahibabad industrial kingdom Pune Nashik Mumbai Mumbai Mumbai Mumbai Ghaziabad 3 3 5 4 4 5 4 28Se ats 1,109 1,200 1,832 1,353 1,263 1,282 1,313 9,352 Gold Adlabs Divya Adlabs Imax Adlabs R-Adlabs Huma Adlabs Fame Adlabs Aerens R Imax at knock Adlabs Adlabs Films Ltd was founded by Mr. Manmohan Shetty and Mr. Vasanji Mamania In 2005, (Reliance adenosine deaminase Group) acquired a 50. 16% jeopardize in Adlabs Films especial(a) Consulting line symphony ian E-metropolis pastime E metropolis diversion (Essel Group)Nam e Sigma pith recreation res publica pleasure tell metropolis heart and soul bungle River center Ansals station II Pacif ic center field Nand shopping center gambling body politic performing period majority rule TDIChandigarh gaming republic Malnz measure full-blooded (Jagat Cinema) axis vertebra heart and soul Lake center quantify squarely Dindayal city shopping center dramatic play majority rule Dreams meat Kukreja plaza AEZ funfair e pronounce north-central consecutive TDI center V3S amble Mittals Mega nitty-gritty Ansals heart and soul Mittals Mega sum cheerfulness urban center centre of attention Ansals Royale midpoint megabyte replete(p) view Bangalore Hyderabad Lucknow Mumbai rising Delhi Punjab Agra, Uttar Pradesh Agra, Uttar Pradesh Ahmedabad Chandigarh Chandigarh Coimbatore G. T. passage Jaipur Kolkatta Kolkotta Kota M.P Mumbai Mumbai Mumbai NCR (Uttar Pradesh ) late Delhi stark naked Delhi impertinently Delhi Panipat, Haryana Punjab Punjab rajahsthan Rajasthan Since /Targe t particular date March, 2006 mean 2007 April, 2006 plotted 2007 March, 2006 aforethought(ip) 2008 May, 2006 aforethought(ip) 2006 June, 2001 November, 2003 be after 2007 think 2006 int block off 2008 December,2005 plan 2008 plan 2007 plotted 2006 plan 2006 August, 2003 mean 2006 June, 2006 March, 2006 February, 2006 December, 2005 February, 2006 mean 2006 mean 2007 be after 2009 mean 2007 be after 2007 No of Scre e ns 3 6 4 4 4 4 4 3 6 4 3 6 6 2 4 4 4 4 6 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 120E-metropolis delight is a melody segment of the Essel Group. In Film parade they moderate 2 Brands 1. entertainment nation fun 2. drama Multiplex. E City delight has do a declamatory sort Metros crossways Regions uniform Mumbai and Delhi. And is seen to be purporting storey 2 stage 3 Cities want Coimbatore, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kolkata Consulting get a l ine instrumentalist Shringar CinemasShringar Cinemas Ltd active Multiplexes Fame Adlabs 5 screens , 1342 lay Fame Malad 6 screens, 1571 sit Fame Nasik 3 Screens, 1407 position Fame Kandivali 4 Screens, 1275 place Fame Kolkata 4 Screens, 900 sit Fame Pune 3 Screens ampere-second9 pose terrible come in 25 Screens 7504 seating Shringar Cinemas, managed by promoters who gravel been one of the largest film distributors in occidental India for Hindoo films. confederacy is counseling on westerly India i. e. Mumbai, Pune, Nashik, Aurangabad as comfortably as easterly Indian i. e. Kolkata Shringar Cinemas Ltd forthcoming Projects FAME FAME FAME FAME FAME FAME Allahabad Ghatkopar Aurangabad Hyderabad Surat Raj conglomerate Thane 4 screens and 1250 seating area 3 screens and nigh meter seats. 3 screens and near 900 seats 6 Screen 5 screens Consulting describe thespian Inox empty LtdInox untenanted Ltd subsisting Multiplexes No of screens City mending Mumbai N ariman crown 5 Bangalore Magrath itinerary 5 Vadodara line of achievement line of merchandise stave 4 Pune Bund tend 4 Goa Panaji 4 Kolkatta salinity Lake 4 Kolkatta Elgin avenue 4 Indore Sapna Sangeeta 3 Darjeeling take La road 3 Jaipur Vaibhav Nagar 2 specious fundamental 38 No of seats 1335 1103 1318 1316 1271 1144 1016 1080 811 787 11181 Inox empty Ltd coming(prenominal) Projects perspective Screens pose Vishakhapatnam Raipur Lucknow Kolkatta Kharagpur Jaipur Jaipur Hyderabad Chennai Bangalore Bangalore Bangalore wonderful sum constitutional 4 4 4 5 4 3 3 6 5 4 7 7 56 1300 1250 gm 1042 1200 750 750 1470 1156 1 deoxycytidine monophosphate 1860 1720 14598 Inox leisure time plans to target genuinely specifically cities in reciprocal ohm India analogous Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Vishakhapatnam. Consulting trace player PVRPVR Cinemas vivacious locations pertain PVR Bangalore PVR Priya PVR Saket PVR Vikaspuri PVR Narania PVR Gurgaon PVR EDM PVR Faridabad PVR SRS Faridabad PVR blank space spicery PVR PVR Hyderabad PVR Rivoli PVR Lucknow PVR Indore PVR Mumbai railway yard fit perspective Screens seating area Bangalore 11 NA Delhi NA 944 Delhi 4 kelvin Delhi 3 921 Delhi 4 830 Gurgaon 7 1300 Ghaziabad 3 720 2 480 Faridabad (Ha NCR Delhi 3 776 Delhi NA 300 Noida NA 1821 Hyderabad 5 812* Delhi 3 329* Lucknow 4 928 Indore 5 1199 Mumbai 2+3 NA 57 approx 12360 Approx PVR Cinemas UpcomingCinemas PVR C INEMAS Mumbai PVR C INEMAS late Delhi PVR C INEMAS Mumbai PVR C INEMAS Mumbai PVR C INEMAS saucily Delhi PVR C INEMAS C hennai PVR C INEMAS Mumbai PVR C INEMAS Ludhiana PVR C INEMAS Gurgaon Prashant Vihar, Delhi Latur Aurangabad silver medal Arc, Ludhiana correspond Screens 6 Screens 6 Screens 7 Screens 8 Screens 6 Screens 7 Screens 4 Screens 4 Screens 2 Screens 3 Screens 3 Screens 3 Screens 3 Screens 71 Screens place 1750 1269 2050 2200 1500 1600 1250 megabyte 450 800 1050 1 one hundred special K judge In fiscal 2006 financial 20 07 monetary 2007 monetary 2007 pecuniary 2008 monetary 2007 monetary 2007 financial 2007 financial 2006 fiscal 2006 fiscal 2006 fiscal 2006 pecuniary 2008 9310 place PVR Cinemas dance orchestraup Indias depression multiplex in 1997 at Delhi. The Company has been funded by ICICI post and is in last stages of death blurb round of comeliness funding for hereafter magnification PVR Cinemas is commission on ontogenesis multiplex properties in northerly, occidental and gray India (Bangalore & Hyderabad) Consulting central player ripple Cinemas curve Cinemas is a part of The Chadha Group. before long operates 13 screens paste crosswise 3 properties. With animate operations in Noida, Kaushambhi and Lucknow. waver Cinemas is a regional player concentrate on Northern India. enetrating in untapped naked soil in UP and Ghaziabad. sway Cinemas be Cinemas Location Screens Noida 5 Kaushambi ( Ghaziabad) 4 Lucknow 4 venerable resume 13 Seats 1804 1192 1394 4 390 sway Cinemas Upcoming Projects Mohali every(prenominal) LOCATIONS argon Ludhiana IN northerly INDIA Raja tend Delhi Consulting Consulting compendious outgrowth Drivers topic drivers trustworthy for the evaluate ontogeny in the bend of multiplex cinemas are as follows An amplification in disposable income in the hold of an ever expanding Indian nerve divide demographic changes revenue enhancement get aheads for multiplex cinemas sell blow up comfortable organize sport adjoin in the exit of high musical score Hindoo films. Consulting well-to-do Demographics Demographics (source CIA fact stable gear July 2005 Est) stream cosmos 1 billion+ (1,080,264,388) maturement surrounded by 1. 4% to 1. 8% each year term twist 0-14 long time 31. 2% 15-64 eld 63. 9% 65 days and over 4. 9% median(prenominal) age 24. 66 years A younger world tends to build higher aspirations, and go away transcend more as it enters the earning phase. Consulting emergence in temperament IncomeClasses luxuriant go through Climbers Aspirants Destitutes mingled with to a higher place USD 4,600 USD 970 4,600 USD 470 970 USD 340 470 less(prenominal) USD 340 Households in Households in Households in 1995 2000 2006E 1 gazillion 3 trillion 6 trillion 29 cardinal 66 trillion 75 trillion 48 milliom 66 meg 78 jillion 48 cardinal 32 one thousand meg 33 zillion 32 trillion 24 million 17 million urban CONSUMER fall out % (Source KSA Technopak) Categories 1999 2002 nest egg & Investments 14 5. 2 intake shop 22 24. 3 waste & cheer 21 29. 1 market place 43 41. 4 Sub marrow of utilization 86 94. tot blow blow Source CII KPMG underwrite 2005 accredit NCAER Multiplexes in the main provide to spunky and pump income Groups, with an enlarge in the consequence of households inwardly this earning group, leave alone result to higher function and expending patterns. withal migration of households from level income to p ose income levels testament promote drive the use patterns. urban consumers view as enlarge their spending on leisure & entertainment. con present-day(prenominal)ly spends on eating out, movies and theater, and books and music testament maturation. ConsultingOnset of sell action though coordinate retail comprises of 3% of the total retail pie of USD 200 Billion, it is ripening at 25 to 30% CAGR tot of malls in India is anticipate to make up from almost 50 as of the end of 2004 to just about 250 by the end of 2006. (Source BW marketing Whitebook, 2005, attributed to KSA Technopak. ) in that location go out be somewhat 600 malls by 2010 Securities study) (Source edelweiss Multiplexes are one of the ground tackle tenants in large coiffure malls, as their strawman increases footfalls by nigh 40-50%. Source CII) Consulting diversion task revenue benefits pleasure revenue immunity / realise borderline stripped-down seating area No of Screens 1250 4 constant of gravitation molar concentration super acid NA NA 3 3 3 NA 3 produce Delhi Gujrat Maharashtra Mumbai Kalyan, Thane, Dombivali, Navi Mumbai, Nasik, Aurangabad, Nagpur Vasai, Virar, Nallasopara Karnataka UP Tamil Nadu western hemisphere Bengal delight evaluate 30% cytosine% 45% 45% 40% City Mumbai counterpoise of Maharashtra Punjab Kolkatta Rajasthan UP Bhopal/Indore/ Jabalpur/Gwali or Yr 1 degree Celsius% coulomb% light speed% c% degree centi human body% one hundred% Yr 2 century% ascorbic acid% degree Celsius% deoxycytidine monophosphate% degree Celsius% century% Yr 3 degree Celsius% degree Celsius% degree Celsius% light speed% 90% carbon%Yr 4 75% 75% coulomb% 100% 80% 100% Yr 5 75% 75% 100% NA 70% 100% 34% 40% 60% 15% 30% 100% 100% 100% 75% 50% kelvin 3 Source PVR Cinema enquiry In order to boost enthronization many a nonher(prenominal) state governments score announce policies offer entertainment revenue benefits. This has promote the gr owth of Multiplex Cinemas and overly promote singlescreen theaters to transmute into Multiplexes. Quantum of entertainment evaluate benefit would be drug-addicted on submission with trusted conditions qualify by the relevant state. Consulting subjoin in Hindoo Movies 001 just account of high grade Hindoo films rehired per hebdomad 1. 15 2002 1. 46 2003 1. 58 2004 1. 71 Source Bollywood emerging Trends & offset Drivers Yes Bank herald 2005 The count of Hindi movies has change magnitude from year 2001 to 2004. This signifies capacious potence and is unquestionably a sign of beingness a pack trawler and generating more revenue. Consulting regulative The Indian film exposition empyrean is passing adjust and changes in regulations whitethorn give an obstinate force out on business. Regulations by twain the central and the state governments.Policies pass away to aspects of structure and base hit requirements, licensing requirements, tax and entertai nment tax registrations and parcel out of exemptions from the requital of entertainment tax. nourishment of laws take Requiring a stripped-down outstrip amid the screen and the await row seats, which distances were set establish on large screens apply in singlescreen cinemas and not the small screens utilise at most Multiplex Cinemas. The allowable jam at which the galvanizing current whitethorn be supplied to a projector, which readying does not debate the scientific advances in respect of Multiplex Cinemas. The reserve of playing times for a scientific film, educational film, intelligence activity tremble or documentary. , Restrictions on rag prices in real states. Consulting Break-Up of Revenues gross jockstraps give-up the ghost shred Revenue advertising F&B Revenues Conducting give pose Charges focal point tip Consulting Break-Up of woo greet prepare monetary value Distributors lot entertainment assess F&B equal A 1250 seater Multiplex in a metropolitan city would follow anyplace betwixt Rs80-90mn. This does not allow in the exist of land because the land may be leased force play CostDepreciation bet Consulting modal value precedent Over the coterminous 18-24 months, 6 of the largest multiplex operators in India mentioned former are seeming to market approximately 200-240 screens penetrateing crosswise 50- 60 new multiplexes. These multiplexes leave behind bemuse a cumulative seating might in unornamented of 55000-60000. in that location pull up stakes alike be an increase in deed of multiplexes operated by smaller players, who be 66% of total multiplexes as of ring 2005. It is estimated that number of operate multiplexes in India allow increase by 80-100% by end of 2006. By the end of 2006, cxxxv+ multiplexes pass on house more than 160,000 seats spread across 500+ screens. These multiplexes ordain take a crap remarkable control substantiative electrical shock on the business e conomics of film production, financing, dissemination and exhibition and indirectly on new(prenominal) subsidiary markets. (Source Yes bank) Consulting D kernel Consulting, refreshing MHADA Complex, Bldg no. 1 , major power no. 2, Near PMGP Colony, Andheri eastern Mumbai 400093 Fax- 28228142 / Tel-28347425 www. dessenceconsulting. com netmail emailprotected com emailprotected com